The Impact Of Marxist Theory On The Development Of...

The focus of this assignment will be on the influence of the Marxist theory in the development of criminology. Marxism is a top-down, structuralist, macro approach which means it is a theory in which those on top question the actions of those on the bottom and where individuals fit in the structure of society, this theory is widely supported. A main talking point in the Marxist theory is capitalism; this is an economic and political system in which a country s trade and industry are controlled by the private sector for profit, rather than by the state (public sector). Another key talking point in the Marxist theory is that laws benefit the powerful and agencies help control and target blue-collar crime (working-class crime) as opposed to what Marxists refer to as ‘the huge dark side of white-collar crime’ (upper-class/corporate crime). Some main supporters of Marxism are; Lauren Snider, William Chambliss and Hazel Croall. However there are many other theories which chall enge the Marxist approach such as; functionalism, labelling theory and Left Right Realism. When looking in further detail of Marxism we see the key concepts involved are; alienation, white-collar crime, scapegoating, repressive state apparatus, hegemony, resistance, etc. To start alienation is the belief that the actions of the rich and powerful (such as the politicians and businessmen) counteract the best interests of the people at the heart of their community, meaning that there is a great divide betweenShow MoreRelatedCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin amp; Muncie, 2005) Criminology 211 Essay This essay topic consists of two main components. The first requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its application. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critically discuss theRead MoreFeminism And Criminology871 Words   |  4 Pagesto uncover the impact of feminist approaches within criminology. It will demonstrate how these theoretical perspectives have changed our opinion on women as victims, as well as criminals themselves. By exploration of taboo subjects such as the danger of prostitution looking into how it can prove problematic for feminism. In addition to the labelling of domestic violence, whilst uncovering a variety of key theorists and perspectives. Feminism is crucial to the study of criminology as it takes awayRead MoreSocial And Social Structure Theory1675 Words   |  7 PagesStructure Theory Introduction The social structure theory deliberates delinquency as a gathering of the person’s dealings with numerous groups, organizations, and process in the society. Any person irrespective of their prominence in life is likely to become delinquents if they continue with negative social affiliations. Every aspect of the society, social and economic must be viewed using the social structure theories to find the cause of crime and deviance. The social structure theories consist ofRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Functionalism and Marxism2300 Words   |  10 PagesThe two theoretical approaches I have chosen to compare to the study of crime are Functionalism and Marxism. I have done so, as I believe both theories are important/ significant to the study of crime and differentiate from each other. I will do this by writing a critique the advantages and disadvantages of both of the theories and thus, resulting in my own personal opinion in the conclusion. Marxism derived from German philosophers Karl Marx (also a political economist/ sociologist) and FriedrichRead MoreSocial Class And Crime And Punishment Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagespunishment of the poor with a wide range of theories and ideas to contribute to the understanding of the poor being punished from the 18th century to today s contemporary society. It will aim to develop an understanding how criminals and deviant behaviour were defined and perceived from historical periods to now. â€Å"Classical Criminology was developed in the eighteenth century in opposition to the use of extreme and arbitrary punishments. Classical Criminology advocated a rational approach that punishmentRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1168 Words   |  5 PagesImportant theorists, eye-opening articles, groundbreaking books, and activism has influenced my intellectual journal through feminist theory. Feminism is a contentious topic with matters that pertain to contemporary feminism, including the following: reproductive rights; equal access to education and employment; marriage equality; violence against women; and the sex trade. While these are only a few of the issues faced by feminists, it is evident that feminism has great value in today’s society.Read MoreMedia And Its Effect On Society2385 Words   |  10 PagesName: Title: Institution: Abstract Different theories have been utilized to dissect the media and its effect on the general public. The ascent of the m Media business in the twentieth century gave a formal method for correspondence that was open to practically everybody in a society. Early scholars came to see media as being in charge of publicizing and dispersing the changes, turmoil, and discontent which embodied the period. They rebuked the mass communications for offering assurance and propagatingRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesStudent Study Guide for Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers’ Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Applications Fourth Edition Prepared by Eric See Youngstown State University Roxbury Publishing Company Los Angeles, California 1 Student Study Guide by Eric See for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application , 4th Edition by Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers Copyright  © 2004 Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles, CaliforniaRead MoreHistory Of Victimology And Its Impact On Society1885 Words   |  8 Pagesrelationships between crime and the law as well as the criminal and the victim (Burgess et al, 2013).. The study of victimology includes several different theories. These theories are victim-based, interactional, societal-based, and ecological. However, before on can begin discussing these theories, the history of the development of victimology theories need to be broached. Although victimology may lack a singular theoretical foundation based within the field itself, it can be said that the field as aRead MoreCriminality: Criminology and Extra Y Chromosome3476 Words   |  14 Pagessignificant impact on crime, are not readily measurable nor applicable pervasively among all locales. (1) In various societies the idea of criminality differs and therefore makes the definition of criminality very broad. Criminality could be stated that it is a political idea rather than a moral form of behavior. An act that is considered immoral may not be criminal but an act that is moral may also be criminal depending upon the culture and political foundation. In context of such a theory then, criminality

Samsung Marketing Plan free essay sample

Based on the spending power, user status, age, education status and interest in mobile fashion design, age group 22-35 would be more likely target on the white collar who are having strong spending power, interested in new stuff and fashion and mostly they are tend to be loyal customers once they are satisfied with the products; while for age group 36-45, who are those middle aged smartphone users who are looking for an convenient function that could suit both for work life and personal contact while represent the high-end quality to make them look good, needed especially in Chinese businessmen/businesswomen or delegates. Segment 1 | Segment 2| Name of segment| 22-35 white collar| 36-45 smartphone users| Demographic | * young age * high education * high income * high-level occupation | * Middle age * Both gender (male preferred) * High total monthly telecom spend * Stable safe| Geographic| Urban China,Main cities| Urban China,Main cities| Behavioural Usage| Benefits| * Fashion seeker * Differentiation from other * Heavy users for both work and personal life * Loyal customers potentiality| * Duos function * Medium/heavy users for both work and personal life * Ex-users or regular users| Psychographic | * Lifestyle (fashion lovers, professional) * A smart design looking for smart people * Efficiency lover| * Something new, something elegant and something duos. * Mature users| 6. 2 Positioning Samsung Galaxy Grand I9802 is a high-end smartphone product promoted by Samsung Electronics to urban China market for Generation Y who is looking for a high-end mobile phone with larger screen than Galaxy S2 but much cheaper price than Note2. Similarly to Galaxy3 Mini, the Galaxy Grand share the same market with Mini. Different from other brand such as Apple and Nokia, Samsung cares to the need of young Chinese who represent the future purchasing value for China and takes up the majority of smartphone market share. To suit for the need of target market, Samsung differentiate itself from the competitors by implementing the strategy in enhancement of stylish design and close relation to visual outcome and personalization, other than the strategy taken by Apple in innovation and high technology focusing or the Nokia low price tactic. 6. 3 Messaging amp; branding Samsung Galaxy Grand I9802 is a neat phone for both your work and life anywhere, anyhow. Samsung introduced 20 models of mobile phones, of which the appearance, the function and the quality are designed with advanced concepts, innovative technologies and world-class standard. Samsung Mobile is focused on delivering the option of choice to its consumers. The phones configuration, its features and functionality are flexible to suit each user. The Omnia Pro, Corby Pro and the Samsung Chat are the result of research and development at Samsung Mobile and offer seamless connectivity with access to Google, YouTube and popular social networking sites Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Friendster and many more. Market segments| Messaging| White collar(22-35)| Impress your co-workers with a fashion design and dedicate in professionalism. Middle-aged smartphone users(36-45)| Be duos, be concentrated, and be successful. | 6. 0 Marketing Mix 7. 4 Product The concept of Samsung mobile is fashion-leading technology. According to the factors that influence Chinese consumers’ purchasing decision is quality and exterior design (Nielson, 2010), Samsung seems to have a strong competitive in both areas with its focus on design and second place in quality, right behind Nokia. Samsung combine the brand value (wow, simple and inclusive) (Tandet, 2012 http://davidtandet. om/samsungs-wow-simple-inclusive/) with its marketing goal to satisfy the consumers with its slim and elegant look. As a result, the phone is no longer a communication tool but more importantly for those young people, a phone is also a representative icon or accessory for themselves. Except for that, in terms of operation system, multiple operation system is supported, so is Galaxy Grand, to fit with multiple choice and need of customers. Therefore, it is possible that consumption and customer loyalty increase. Back to the Galaxy Grand, Samsung launched the Galaxy Grand 5-inch smartphone in value-seeking high-volume markets of China. In what is the smartphone-equivalent of a large SUV with sub-100 PS engine and mainstream features, the Galaxy Grand gives its bearers the look and feel of holding a high-end 5-inch smartphone, which does look solidly built. Its cost-cutting begins right at the screen. The Galaxy Grands primary camera captures life at 8 megapixels, supporting 720p video recording, and an LED flash; its front-facing camera features 2 megapixels resolution. Other features include Bluetooth 4. , 802. 11 b/g/n WLAN, 3D gyro/accelerometer, and a 2,100 mAh battery. While size-wise its positioned between the 4. 8-inch Galaxy S III and 5. 3-inch Galaxy Note II, it could command a much lower price tag than either of the two. In addition, free apps are provided on the official website for free download to suit for people’s need for entertainment and socialization. Given to the lov ely big screen, it is unquestionable for most smartphone users who use the phone as a tool to search website, watch TV or play games to gain magnificent experience with the new phone. . 5 Price Within the number of Chinese consumers who could afford a high-end mobile phone increased and the demand became various in recent years, Samsung is targeting its high-level income group with its price strategy on distinguishing them from the normal Samsung buyers, on the price 5,560 CNY, which represents the specialty through the phone to the target market. The price of Samsung Galaxy Grand I9802 is relatively lower to other Galaxy series products on their first launch. (http://www. mobile2u. com. pk/chn/mobiles/samsung-mobile-phones. aspx) Galaxy Brand| Galaxy S3 I9300| Galaxy S3 Mini| Galaxy Note LTE I8020| Galaxy Grand I9082| Price (CNY/AUD estimated)| 3,480/535| 2,090/321| 3,760/578| 5,560/855| 7. 6 Promotion The objectives of the promotion strategy are that: * Inform consumers or potential consumers with the Galaxy Grand and raise awareness about the product. * To build up Samsung brand value to enhance the brand image among people. * In competition with the competitors and highlight the benefits of the product to differentiate from the competitors. * To keep constantly remind people of Galaxy grand with its outstanding function and design. To enhance the image of being young and fun among youth group. * Besides the major market, Samsung is also trying to get the older age group involved. Examples will be given as followed: Corporation in sports business: Partnership with the CSL (China Sports League) – targeting on sports lovers on a wide age range Sponsorship or host a concert/tour: Sponsoring the Asia Tou r of K-pop band BigBang in urban China – targeting on students and also young people or Korean music lovers (considering Samsung as a Korean brand) Celebrity: Product representation by Ekin Cheng (Cheng Yee-Kin, Hong Kong actor and singer) famous both in Generation Y and mid-aged group) 7. 7 Place Samsung sells its products by retailers and home appliance interlinks retail enterprises Suning and Gome. Additionally, Samsung has retailing stores to sell latest products as well as provide after-sale service in main cities and most precinct area. Reference * Lu, L. (2005). Segmentation of China mobile phone market : an impirical analysis. Hong Kong Polytechnic University Dissertations. * Positioning: http://techrice. com/2012/08/31/chinas-smartphones-have-the-whole-world-talking/ Bout, B. , Chang, V. , amp; Lin, S. China’s market for mobile phones. Mckinsey Quarterly [serial online]. June 2004, (2), 25-27. * Grand is sharing the same market share with 3 mini http://au. ibtimes. com/articles/417391/20121221/samsung-galaxy-s3-mini-vs-grand-release. htm#. UYzu1Xl_meY * Samsung 3 factors: David Tandet http://davidtandet. com/samsungs-wow-s imple-inclusive/ * Calaxy Series price in China http://www. mobile2u. com. pk/chn/mobiles/samsung-mobile-phones. aspx * Nielson reports Nielson China Mobile Reports Insights 2010 By Shan Phillips, Vice President, Greater China, Telecom Practice, The Nielsen Company Nielson Social Media Report 2012 * Two Paradoxes of the ‘Seller’s Market’ of Chinese Higher Education J. Huang Higher Education Policy, 2005, 18, (169–177) * Generational and Regional Differences in Media Consumption Patterns of Chinese Generation X Consumers Author(s): Wenyu Dou, Guangping Wang and Nan Zhou Source: Journal of Advertising, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Summer, 2006), pp. 101-110 * The influence of money attitudes on young Chinese consumers’ compulsive buying Dongjin Li, Ying Jiang, Shenghui An, Zhe Shen and Wenji Jin 10 (2), 2009, 98-109 DOI 10. 1108/17473610910964688 Source: YOUNG CONSUMERS

Reasons Why Welfare Doesnt Always Work Essay Example

Reasons Why Welfare Doesnt Always Work Paper Amanda Smith Today in America, there are thousands of Americans are welfare for different reasons. Whether people lost their job and can’t afford their necessities, or possibly they don’t have motivation to get a job and want to live off the government’s money. It could be that there is a single mother of two children who simply can’t afford the necessities for her children and herself even with a job, or maybe their handicapped or they are older and aren’t healthy enough to work and provide for themselves. Welfare is a program created by the government to improve the financial situation of people in need. Many people today in America who are on welfare are abusing the program, whether they don’t find a job and continue to stay on welfare for years, or spend money on drugs or something not needed instead of paying bills and buying necessary items. Other programs like Medicare and food stamps, to the elderly or the people that really need this help, are getting denied because they don’t qualify but yet they are barely providing for themselves or they can’t provide. Some of these programs that the government has created are not working the way they were meant to. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons Why Welfare Doesnt Always Work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons Why Welfare Doesnt Always Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons Why Welfare Doesnt Always Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Welfare is supposed to be good and helpful but it’s being seen as wasteful, not worth it by others, and simply has other issues that the government is in need of solving. It is supposed to be helping people such as single mothers get back on their feet, however many are abusing this help and having more children to continue receiving welfare money for a long period of time. People are not supposed to be on welfare for a long period of time, this program was meant to help people out temporarily so they could get back to work and provide for themselves, soon though, not years later (wikipedia). However, it is making some people lazier by getting money just to sit at home and do nothing. Some people are not motivated to get a job, or simply do not want a job and would prefer to live on welfare for years and not even use that money for the right things like clothing, bills, etc. Welfare reforms have reduced the probability of women going to college, even finishing high school, which isn’t going to help them get a decent paying job (NBER). Many people on welfare are using that money for alcohol, drugs, gambling, etc. There is no law stating that people have to pass a drug test o receive welfare, but there should be some kind of procedure or questioning being done to people who are applying for welfare or for those who are already on welfare, to know whether they really deserve it if they are going to spend their money on the right or wrong thing (npr). As a working taxpayer, I contribute to the welfare system and I don’t really want to support an addiction to dru gs. Government assistance is good for those people who don’t abuse it and are willing to take the random drug tests no matter how degrading or unnecessary it may be. If people truly need the help, then they should be willing to do what it takes to receive that assistance. Many jobs require a drug test and if they don’t pass, they don’t get the job. It’s that simple. This should apply to welfare, if you don’t pass, you don’t get the benefits. Some people think that if you deny people these privileges that these people are going to steal and sell drugs to put food on the table (npr). Who’s to say that they won’t stop stealing or selling drugs? It’s not guaranteed. To the people who aren’t abusing the system, it may be a little bit of a hassle to go through the drug test but it’s worth it. It’s better off helping the people who actually want help and are using this assistance the way it should be. Medicare is a health insurance program administered by the United States government for people over the age of 65 (wikipedia). This is another program that needs some things changed. One problem this program faces, is the diversity in the elderly. While this coverage starts at the age of 65, people 80 and over are benefiting from it more. The medical needs of a 65 year old man could differ dramatically from an 80 year old man. Also, American seniors differ not only by age but also race, ethnicity, culture, and geographic region with different healthcare systems ( Freedom works). This program is trying to shove the needs of all the elderly, no matter how different their situations are, into one system that is going to help them all, and it’s not. A second problem with this program is the financial situation. As the baby boom generation begins to reach eligible age for Medicare, the cost will begin to rise dramatically. Congress will attempt to impose cost-controls on a system already beginning to deliver inadequate care to the different people of the elderly population (Freedom works). Food stamps is a government program made to assist low income families receive food. Many families may have someone working but making very little or not enough to provide food on the table. However, many of these working families do not get the food stamps they really need. Between 1994 and 1999, the number of people receiving food stamps declined by 35% and poverty went down 15% (Food stamps for working families). This decline in food stamp enrollment was because of families becoming ineligible because of income going up or welfare reform rules excluding certain groups from receiving food stamps. Many families have left welfare for work and have lost their food stamps because of this. They were looking to keep the food stamps for the transition of their family. It’s not fair that these people who are actually working and trying to make some money for their family are not receiving the food stamps when they really need them. There is also people who sell their food stamps for their necessities, and some who sell them for illegal substances. (Selling food stamps for kid‘s shoes). It has a little similarity to welfare. Many people who receive the stamps are supposed to be buying healthy groceries for themselves, and their family, but many don’t. They resort to cheap and fatty food, like McDonald’s then they can still have money left over for other things, for necessities, or not. It’s not surprising that some lower-income families have weight problems because of what they’re doing with their food stamps. The programs that the government have created are meant to help people, and to some they are. There are many Americans though who are abusing the system and it can be difficult to catch these people. They all have flaws in them that are pretty controversial and difficult to amend, and some people don‘t think these aren‘t such a huge problem as other things are in today‘s society. How each of these problems are solved in each program will be a difficult task, if the government decides to do it. I think these programs need to be fixed immediately, before the costs for these programs becomes too much and things get out of hand. Bibliography â€Å"Welfare Reform Has Led to More Work but Less Education† National Bureau of Economic Research. 6 May 2010. â€Å"Reform as I Knew It: When Bad Things Happen to Good Policies† 1 May 1996. The American Prospect. 6 May 2010. â€Å"Medicares Two Fundamental Problems† 17 July 2003. Freedom Works. 6 May 2010. â€Å"Welfare† Wikipedia. 6 May 2010. â€Å"Medicare† Wikipedia. 6 May 2010. â€Å"Selling Food Stamp’s For Kid’s Shoes† 16 February 2010. Urban Habitat. 6 May 2010.

Free Essays on The Battle For Chattanooga

Outline I. Introduction II. Events contributing to the Battle of Chattanooga. A. The Union Army 1. President Lincoln 2. General Ulysses S. Grant B. The Confederate Army 1. The Battle of Chickamauga 2. General Braxton Bragg III. The Battle of Chattanooga A. Brown’s Ferry 1. Strategic Value 2. Longstreet Retreats B. Orchard Knob 1. Reconnaissance 2. Grant Controls Orchard Knob C. Lookout Mountain 1. General Hooker 2. Battle at Lookout Mountain D. Missionary Ridge 1. Confederate Headquarters 2. Battle at Missionary Ridge IV. Aftermath of the battle A. Casualties B. Promotions and Demotions V. Conclusion The Civil War was the bloodiest war in United States history. This war tested the values and courage of all early Americans. The Battle of Chattanooga was one of the most important battles fought in the war. The victor would control Chattanooga and its surrounding territory and would have an upper hand in the war. General Ulysses S. Grant was at the Battle of Vicksburg and did an outstanding job with his troops in the Union victory. President Lincoln was impressed with Grant and promoted him to Commander. Grant was given orders to gather his troops and lead them into Chattanooga at once. â€Å"He gathered a little over 60,000 men† (Chattanooga Campaign, 179). Included in this amount, were troops from Generals Hooker, Sherman, and Thomas. Grant marched the troops to Chattanooga to keep the east-west passageway functioning. This was important in deploying men and supplies being shipped or railed to their battles and headquarters. After the battles of Vicksburg and Chickamauga, Bragg was deployed to gather troops and surround Chattanooga. The Confederates also needed Chattanooga because it was one of the last places able to transport men and supplies railroad. The Union troops were surrounded by the Confederate troops. Grant knew the Confederates had an advant... Free Essays on The Battle For Chattanooga Free Essays on The Battle For Chattanooga Outline I. Introduction II. Events contributing to the Battle of Chattanooga. A. The Union Army 1. President Lincoln 2. General Ulysses S. Grant B. The Confederate Army 1. The Battle of Chickamauga 2. General Braxton Bragg III. The Battle of Chattanooga A. Brown’s Ferry 1. Strategic Value 2. Longstreet Retreats B. Orchard Knob 1. Reconnaissance 2. Grant Controls Orchard Knob C. Lookout Mountain 1. General Hooker 2. Battle at Lookout Mountain D. Missionary Ridge 1. Confederate Headquarters 2. Battle at Missionary Ridge IV. Aftermath of the battle A. Casualties B. Promotions and Demotions V. Conclusion The Civil War was the bloodiest war in United States history. This war tested the values and courage of all early Americans. The Battle of Chattanooga was one of the most important battles fought in the war. The victor would control Chattanooga and its surrounding territory and would have an upper hand in the war. General Ulysses S. Grant was at the Battle of Vicksburg and did an outstanding job with his troops in the Union victory. President Lincoln was impressed with Grant and promoted him to Commander. Grant was given orders to gather his troops and lead them into Chattanooga at once. â€Å"He gathered a little over 60,000 men† (Chattanooga Campaign, 179). Included in this amount, were troops from Generals Hooker, Sherman, and Thomas. Grant marched the troops to Chattanooga to keep the east-west passageway functioning. This was important in deploying men and supplies being shipped or railed to their battles and headquarters. After the battles of Vicksburg and Chickamauga, Bragg was deployed to gather troops and surround Chattanooga. The Confederates also needed Chattanooga because it was one of the last places able to transport men and supplies railroad. The Union troops were surrounded by the Confederate troops. Grant knew the Confederates had an advant...

Low Score on the Old SAT Should I Take the New SAT

Low Score on the Old SAT Should I Take the New SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not so happy with your score on the Old SAT? You might be thinking about retaking the test. Unfortunately for you, the redesigned version of the SAT – in this post, we’ll just call it the â€Å"New SAT† – debuted in March of this year. Which means if you retake the SAT, you’ll be taking a totally redesigned test. So you may be wondering, "Should I take the New SAT?" This post will help you decide if your Old SAT score is really not good enough for the colleges you hope to apply to. Next, we will explain some potential challenges with studying for the New SAT, and help you decide if it’s the right step for you. Don’t sign up for the New SAT before reading this post! Evaluating Your Old SAT Score – Is It Actually Bad? So how do we decide if your Old SAT score is good or bad? First, we’ll briefly run through the national score rankings, and next, compare your score to colleges' SAT score averages. Finally, we will make the call on whether your Old SAT score is good or bad! National SAT Percentile Rankings A percentile ranking is a comparison of your score with every other SAT score, and it shows how much better – or worse – you did than everyone else. For example, if your score is in the 50th percentile, 50% of test takers did better than you, and 50% did worse. If your score is in the 30th percentile, 70% of test takers did better than you, and 30% did worse. If you’re in the 90th percentile, just 10% of test-takers did better than you, and 90% did worse. Percentile rankings are thus an easy way to compare your score with other students’ scores to get a rough sense of how good it is. The average Old SAT score is about a 1500 composite (total) score, which means about a 500 on each section: Critical Reading, Math, and Writing. If you got a 1500 or lower, and you’re aiming to apply to selective colleges, you will most likely need to take the New SAT. The 75th percentile is 1720, or about 570-580 per section. If you’re in the 75th percentile or higher, your SAT score will be competitive at many moderately selective schools. The 90th percentile is 1930, or about 640-650 per section. If you’re in the 90th percentile or higher, your score will be competitive at many selective schools. The 99th percentile is any score 2220 and higher, about 750 or higher per section. If you’re in the 99th percentile or higher, your score will be competitive at nearly all colleges and universities, even schools like the Ivy Leagues, Stanford, and MIT. You can see the complete percentile rankings for each SAT composite score here. Key Tip: If you haven’t already, find the percentile ranking of your Old SAT score, since it will give you a basic sense of whether your score is good or not . For example, if you have your heart set on Stanford University but you have a 50th percentile SAT score, you should definitely take the New SAT. But if you have a 90th percentile SAT score and you're applying to your local state schools, you won't have to worry about the New SAT (unless your local university has a particularly competitive honors program or merit scholarship!). If you fall somewhere in between those two extremes, keep reading to learn how to get the most precise information about your Old SAT score's potential. College Middle 50% Ranges Percentiles are a useful tool for getting a rough sense of how great, or not great, your SAT score is. But the most useful information comes from the colleges you want to apply to. After all, you take the SAT to get into college! Colleges release what are called â€Å"middle 50% ranges† to give students an idea of what kinds of SAT scores they need to be competitive. For example, let’s say a college has an SAT middle 50% range of 1500 to 1700. That means that 25% of admitted students had an SAT score lower than 1500, and 25% of admitted students had an SAT score higher than 1700, but the middle 50% had SAT scores in the range of 1500-1700. In most cases, if your SAT score falls within a school’s middle 50% range, you have a good shot at being admitted there, as long as the rest of your application is strong. If your score is above their ranges, you have a very high chance of admission, and if your score is below, you have a smaller chance. So for a school with a 1500-1700 middle 50% range, an SAT score of 1400 would be weak, a score of 1600 would be on target, and a score of 1800 would be amazing! So while percentiles are helpful, the most useful test of whether your SAT score is good depends on the colleges you want to apply to. To take another example, let’s say we have two students, Student A and Student B. They both got an 1800 on the Old SAT. Student A is applying to their local state university. Since the local state university’s middle 50% range is 1450-1700, Student A’s 1800 is more than high enough and they do not need to take the New SAT! But let’s take Student B. They really want to get into Harvard. Harvard’s middle 50% SAT range is very, very high: 2120 to 2400! Student B's 1800 is quite low and they should definitely take the New SAT. Key Tip: look up the SAT score ranges at the schools you are seriously interested in applying to. This will give you the best data to evaluate your Old SAT score with! In the next section, we will show you how to take those score ranges and decide if your Old SAT score needs to be replaced with a New SAT retake. Deciding If Your Score Is Low Now that you’ve looked up the middle 50% ranges at colleges you’re interested in, you’re ready to decide if your score is too low. Focus on the schools on your list with the highest score ranges as you make this decision, because it will give you the most options. For example, let’s say Student C got an 1800 on the Old SAT, and these are the schools they are most interested in, along with those schools' middle 50% SAT score ranges: UPenn: 2050-2320 Penn State: 1600-1910 Temple University: 1510-1840 While that 1800 SAT score is at the top of Temple’s ranges and comfortably within Penn State’s ranges, it is not high enough to be competitive at Penn. If Student C really wants to go to Penn (and any other highly selective schools) they should take the New SAT. Let’s take another example, Student D. Let’s say Student D wants to go to the same three schools, and scored exactly a 2200 composite on the Old SAT. Their score is well above Penn State and Temple’s ranges, and well within Penn’s. However, since Penn is a highly selective school, to maximize your chances, it’s best to have an SAT score near the top or above the middle 50% range to give yourself the best chance – so in this case, a 2320 or higher. While we would normally advise a 2200 scorer to consider retaking the SAT to get into the 2250+ range, for Student D, it might not be worth the significant time it would take to learn about and study for the New SAT just to get those extra 50 composite points. So unless Student D decides to add an even more competitive school to their list, like Harvard or Stanford, they should not take the New SAT and leave their 2200 composite alone! Key Tip: Arrange your target schools in a list from highest SAT middle 50% range to lowest, like we did above. Next, compare your SAT score to the middle 50% range at the most competitive school on your list. If your score is below their middle 50% range: Definitely take the New SAT. If your score is within their middle 50% range: Take the New SAT if it’s a highly selective school, don’t take it if it’s a moderately selective school or lower. If your score is above their middle 50% range: Don’t take the New SAT. How an Old SAT Score and New SAT Score Will Be Compared by Colleges, and Why This Matters One other factor to take into consideration as you sign up for the New SAT is superscoring. What is superscoring? Superscoring combines your highest section scores from different SAT dates to create the highest possible composite score. Here’s an example: Test 1: 700 Critical Reading, 600 Math, 650 Writing, Composite = 1950 Test 2: 650 Critical Reading, 700 Math, 700 Writing, Composite = 2050 Superscore: 700 Critical Reading 700 Math, 700 Writing, Composite = 2100 Unfortunately, at many colleges, the Old SAT and New SAT won’t be superscored together, which puts you at a disadvantage if you have one Old SAT score and one New SAT score. Here are quotes from just a few college's admission websites about how they are treating Old and New SAT scores: Dartmouth: "...we will consider your highest 'superscored' results from either the current or the redesigned SAT; we will not combine scores from both versions." Johns Hopkins: "We will combine the highest section scores from any test date within the current SAT and any test date within the redesigned SAT, but not across the two tests." Penn: â€Å"Current SAT scores will only be superscored with other current SAT results. Redesigned SAT scores will only be superscored with redesigned SAT test results.† Stanford: "We will superscore the results from the current and redesigned SAT separately." Vanderbilt: "Vanderbilt will not super-score between the existing SAT and the revised SAT, but we will super-score within the same type of SAT.† This is just a handful of schools, but their policies reveal the trend towards not superscoring the Old and New SAT. We have seem some different policies out there, so make sure to look up the superscoring policy between Old and New SAT scores at any colleges you are planning to apply to. But in general, it's safe to assume that for many schools on your list, the Old SAT and the New SAT will be treated as separate entities. For many schools, the New SAT and Old SAT are like apples and oranges: too different to compare. Say that you get these two scores on the Old and New SAT: Test 1 (Old SAT): 700 Critical Reading, 600 Math, 650 Writing, 1950 Composite Test 2 (New SAT): 650 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, 700 Math, 1350 Composite Even though you got your Math score up to a 700 on the New SAT, it will not be superscored with your old SAT score to make a higher composite. Why does this matter? It means that if you retake the New SAT, you have to work extra hard to make sure both your Math and Reading/Writing scores go up, so that your composite score is decidedly higher on the New SAT and the retake is most helpful to you. If you only increase one section’s score and/or end up with a composite score that is at the same or lower percentile ranking, the retake won’t help you that much. Unlike a retake for the Old SAT, on which you could study the hardest for one section so that your superscore would be strong, you need to work for all-around success on the New SAT. And this won’t necessarily be an easy task, as we’ll see! In short, if you need to take the New SAT, you will have to devote a significant amount of time to studying to make sure your new score is strong! Why the Time Commitment for a New SAT Retake Will Be Higher than an Old SAT Retake Studying for a New SAT retake will be challenging. If you were retaking the Old SAT again, you would be at an advantage, in that you would already be familiar with the test, its timing, topics tested, etc. So when you studied, you could just go straight to your problem areas and work to improve them. For the New SAT, you have to go back to the drawing board – the format and timing have both completely transformed, as well as question types and even content. Prepare to spend plenty of time with your prep books and practice questions. For example, on the old SAT Critical Reading section, you had to study vocabulary words, many that were obscure, to be ready for the sentence completion questions. However, on the new SAT Reading section, there are no more sentence completion questions! That means any obscure vocabulary you crammed into your brain before you took the Old SAT won’t help you here. But you need to be prepared for new question types, including evidence support questions. Evidence support questions are two-part. The first question asks you about something about a passage, and the second question asks you which lines in the passage give you evidence for your answer! These questions are quite tricky, because if you get the first question wrong, you will likely miss the second one, as well. And that is just one of many new question types to expect. (Read a complete breakdown of the New SAT here.) To be ready for the test, you need to put in sufficient study time, especially since, as we explained above, your old SAT score will not be superscored with whatever you get on the New SAT. So exactly how long should you study for? Follow these steps to find out. Find your target SAT score for the Old SAT. Old SAT scores will still be used for middle 50% ranges on college websites for at least another year since the New SAT hasn’t been offered long enough to be factored into college admissions data. Translate your Old SAT target score to a New SAT target score, following the method in this article. Take a New SAT practice test and determine how much you need to improve to reach your target score. Based on the chart below, estimate the numberof hours you will need to study to achieve yourtarget score. I suggest adding on about 5 hours to each estimate to account for learning about the new test. 0-30 Point Improvement: 10 hours 30-70 Point Improvement: 20 hours 70-130 Point Improvement: 40 hours 130-200 Point Improvement: 80 hours 200-330 Point Improvement: 150 hours+ Whatever you do, do not take the New SAT without sufficiently studying for it – if you assume you can just wing it since you’ve already taken the SAT once,you could easily end up with a New SAT score that’s lower than your Old SAT score! For more on studying for the New SAT, see our post on how to study effectively for the redesigned test. Another Possibility: Think About the ACT Since studying for the New SAT is basically preparing for an all-new test, you may want to consider switching to the ACT, since there aremore practice testsand better prep materials available for the older test. The best way to decide whether to jump off the SAT ship would be to take one ACT practice test and one new SAT practice test, and see which test you do the best on and feel the most comfortable with. How will you compare your results? After you take a practice version of both tests, use the table in our post about SAT to ACT score conversion, which uses a 1600 total SAT composite, to see whether your New SAT or ACT score is higher. (Also keep in mind this is an estimation since we do not have any percentile data on the New SAT yet, so if your scores are quite close, read on to learn about differences between the SAT and ACT to help you decide.) The grass may not actually be greener on the other side... Let’s look atan example. Say you take an ACT practice test and a New SAT practice test. These are your composite scores for each: ACT: 28 New SAT: 1100 Using the conversion table, that ACT score would be about a 1260 on the SAT, while that SAT score would be about a 24 on the ACT. The ACT score of 28 is a lot stronger, so it would be wiser to focus on the ACT instead of the SAT – you may be able to get that 28 up to a 30, if not a 33 or higher (99th percentile)! Also be aware of these key differences between the ACT and the New SAT, especially if you get a similar score on both practice tests and aren't sure which test to focus on: Reading: while both reading sections have you read and answer questions about long passages, including a set of paired passages, SAT Reading could be trickier because it will include a passage from classic literature or a US founding document, which contains harder language, and it contains evidence support questions, which we discussed above as one of the trickier additions to the New SAT. Math: ACT Math has far more geometry and trigonometry, is grouped into one big 60-minute section, and you can use a calculator the whole time. SAT Math has less geometry, has a shorter no-calculator section and then a calculator section, and still has some grid-in questions (questions where you fill in the answer rather than choosing from a multiple-choice set). Writing: The ACT and New SAT Writing sections are very similar. They both have a long passage format that has you correct mistakes in grammar and usage. ACT Writing has more questions, which could change your approach, and also contains some big-picture questions, while SAT Writing does not. Science: A major difference between the two tests is that the ACT has a whole science section while the SAT does not. The SAT sort of makes up for this by including charts and data analysis in their other sections, so they’ve rolled some of the ACT science skills into other parts of the test. That said, if you’re really good at reading and understanding charts and data, you might benefit from the ACT since you’ll have a whole section about that. See more on these differences in our post New SAT vs ACT: Full Breakdown. After you’ve compared your performance on the New SAT and ACT practice tests, and learned more about both tests, you can decide which test to focus on. It may be that you actually like the ACT better than the new SAT, in which case it makes more sense to study for it! One additional benefit to taking the ACT and doing well is this: since colleges only require the SAT or the ACT, you wouldn’t even have to send in your mediocre old SAT score, just your ACT score. Furthermore, you would avoid any potential bumps in the road as College Board rolls out the new SAT (longer waits to get your score after the first few tests, confusion at testing centers by proctors used to the Old SAT, etc). So if you've decided your Old SAT score is low and you need to retake the New SAT, make sure to consider the ACT as well. It may turn out to be the better option! Bottom Line: Should I Take the New SAT? So who should take the New SAT (or ACT!), and who should skip it? This is our advice. Take the New SAT if†¦ Your Old SAT score is below the middle 50% ranges for the most competitive school you are applying to. You are applying to a highly selective school and your Old SAT score is within, but not above, their score ranges. You have timeto study extensively! Your retake will not be worth itif you get a comparatively lower score. Don’t take the New SAT if†¦ Your Old SAT score is within or above the middle 50% ranges for the most competitive school you are applying to. You aren't willing to put in the necessary effort to improve. You decide to take the ACT instead. What’s Next? We talked about a few changes between the Old and New SAT in this post, but I recommend reading a complete breakdown of the changes at our complete guide to the New SAT before you decide whether to take the test or not. This will give you even more information to help you tackle the New SAT with confidence. Are you avoiding the ACT because you think colleges don’t think it’s as good as the SAT? Learn exactly what the Ivy League and other top schools think of the ACT. How exactly are colleges dealing with the transition to the New SAT? Read interviews with over 30 colleges about the New SAT, including which version of the test they are accepting, how they are comparing Old and New SAT scores, and more. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Love, Beauty, and Honor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Love, Beauty, and Honor - Essay Example The image of ideal appearance also undergoes constant changes. Women who were treated as the most beautiful during baroque seem to be ugly today. Modern people do not behave the same way as they did many centuries ago. The changes in the understanding of beauty, love and honor should be analyzed in detail in order to see the development of the humanity. However, it is possible if one analyzes all the periods of art development: classical, renaissance, baroque, romanticism, realism, impressionism, post-impressionism, modern and contemporary. It is necessary to stress that the notions of love, beauty and honor are closely connected with Humanities. It is possible to research these terms and changes in them only with the help of these sciences. The latter give an opportunity to resort to the use of historical facts, literature, arts and teach us to think analytically. It is impossible to view the changes in the image of beauty, love and honor without going back to some historical facts and the works of famous artists. Otherwise, the research will be plain and unreasoned. Initially, there was no ideal image of human beauty because only gods were depicted as the best-looking creatures. Nobody could be prettier than them. The majority of artists and sculptures depicted ideal bodies of gods. They seldom used ordinary people for their works. All sculptures and pictures demonstrated ideal body because the artists applied young athletes for models. It is necessary to stress that the ideal female beauty in classical period was represented by the image of Aphrodite mentioned in Homeric writings. Practically all sculptures and paintings depicted naked people. It was quite normal for classical period. There were some changes in renaissance. It should be noted that renaissance perceptions of beauty are easily seen in Botticelli’s Venus and Mars that is placed in the National Gallery in London. Thus, an ideal beauty of renaissance should have symmetrical features of her body and face, perfect alabaster skin. One should have high forehead, pale skin, the sharply defined chin, strawberry blond hair, delicate and high eyebrows, full lips, narrow mouth and strong nose. Venus depicted by Botticelli is dressed; however, it is done so that it is easy to understand that she has ideal body. The renaissance and humanism rejected the point of view that only gods can be beautiful and viewed beauty as a consequence of harmony of proportions and rational order. Renaissance artists began to stress human sexuality. The emphasis was made on female breast. Baroque period opposed to renaissance. All the artists belonging to this period resorted to the use of clearly defined planes. There was a continuous overlapping of elements and figures. All depictions looked psychologically and physically real. More bright and dramatically colors were applied. Caravaggio is the most celebrated representative of this period. The most famous pictures are: The Rich Old Man from the Parable by Rembrandt, Cupboard by Georg Flegel, The Coronation of the Virgin by Diego Velazquez, etc. The pictures and sculptures of the artists of this period demonstrated fat bodies because they were in fashion. An ideal woman of baroque should have fat hips, blond hair and deep navel. The period of romanticism was predetermined by rococo. An ideal woman should have resemblance with china statuette. This meant having thin waist, small head, roundish hips and narrow shoulders. Women wore pompous dresses

Market Imperative and Popular culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Market Imperative and Popular culture - Essay Example So how is it connected with market imperative And what really is market imperative Market imperative is basically an economic concept that states that the consistent need of producers to seek new markets forces them to cross national boundaries and exploit foreign markets. In other words, the need to seek new frontiers might push national boundaries to the extent that there is little difference left in national and foreign markets. When a country's producers push their own boundaries, they create new boundaries and thus embrace foreign land into their own scope of influence. This is a logical concept but due to rapid globalization, this concept has become a curse for the world. America stands at the very center of this heated debate about national boundaries extension. If a country that seeks to extend its control to other countries chooses to market its products and services to foreign lands, it automatically gains access to their social and moral fabric. And while it may be trying to only sell its products but it intentionally or unintentionally also manages to sell its values and norms to other countries thus triggering a process of homogenous culture.